By Gloria Ikibah
Since Nigeria formally in joined China’s ambitious Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)in September 2018, the global infrastructure and economic cooperation framework has significantly reshaped parts of the nation’s transport networks, trade routes, and public services. What began as a vision to connect Asia to Europe through vast corridors of rail, road, and maritime routes has expanded its reach across Africa, bringing both opportunities and challenges to countries like Nigeria.
A Strategic Partnership Takes RootThe Belt and Road Initiative, launched by China in 2013, aims to strengthen global connectivity through massive infrastructure projects and deeper economic engagement among participating countries. Over the last decade, China’s engagement with Nigeria and other African nations has grown in scale and complexity. Africa’s infrastructure gaps, from inadequate transport networks to energy deficits have presented opportunities for Beijing to cooperate with local governments on development projects.
Nigeria’s membership in the BRI has unlocked significant investments that align with the country’s development priorities. Chinese financial institutions have been critical partners in funding major projects, particularly in transport and logistics – key sectors for broad economic growth across Africa.
Roads and Railways Linking People and MarketsOne of the most visible impacts of the BRI in Nigeria has been the development of rail and road infrastructure financed and constructed with Chinese support. The Kaduna-to-Kano rail line has improved safety, connectivity, and efficiency for passengers travelling through the northern region. In Lagos, China-backed transport initiatives have eased the movement of goods and commuters.
A major new road financed by the China Exim Bank will link the strategic Lekki Deep Sea Port with the Dangote Petroleum Refinery and other southern states, enhancing the flow of goods and underpinning the operations of some of Nigeria’s most important commercial assets.
Ports, Power, and Water: Beyond Transport
BRI investments in Nigeria extend beyond mobility. Facilities like the Lekki Deep Sea Port are poised to become economic game-changers, unlocking hundreds of billions of dollars in value and generating thousands of jobs. Energy infrastructure under the initiative has also expanded, with Chinese-backed funding helping to bring larger power generation projects online.
On the social front, the initiative has contributed to improvements in digital access and educational infrastructure in rural communities.
People’s Views and Economic Benefits
Public sentiment in areas directly affected by major BRI projects has often shifted over time. Communities living near Chinese-built transport infrastructure grew more positive about Chinese involvement after completion of the works, associating the improvements with job creation and increased mobility.
Challenges and Local Perspectives
Despite tangible benefits, the Belt and Road Initiative has its critics. Questions remain about the distribution of economic gains, employment opportunities for local workers, and long-term debt sustainability. Concerns about transparency and community involvement have surfaced in several African states.
What More Can Be Done
Experts suggest practical ways to maximise the benefits of Belt and Road engagement for Nigeria and other African partners:
– Encourage policies that require local content in projects- Strengthen institutional frameworks for project oversight and transparency.
– Target investments that feed into local supply chains and small business development.
– Establish formal programmes to train Nigerian professionals in technical and project management roles.
– Ensure robust environmental assessments and community engagement.
A Balanced Future
China’s Belt and Road Initiative remains a major force in reshaping Nigeria’s infrastructure and economic landscape. The challenge now is to transform these foundations into broad-based, locally anchored benefits that resonate across society.
With thoughtful policies and inclusive partnerships, the promise of the Belt and Road can align with Nigeria’s aspirations for sustainable growth and improved living standards.
